Full process fertilization plan for cherries

1. Cherry fertilizer requirement pattern

(1) Classification of cherry growth stages

Cherries begin their annual growth cycle from the sprouting of flower buds, through processes such as flowering, leaf sprouting, leaf expansion, shoot emergence, fruit development, flower bud differentiation, leaf shedding, and dormancy. Understanding the growth and development patterns of cherries can lead to corresponding cultivation and management measures, meeting the conditions required for cherry growth and development, and achieving high-quality, high-yield, and efficient results.

(2) The demand for fertilizer (NPK) throughout the entire growth period

Cherries have the highest demand for nitrogen and potassium in their lifetime, and their quantities are similar, while their demand for phosphorus is much lower. In addition, the proportion of requirements for medium elements calcium, magnesium, and sulfur in cherries is 1.4-2.4:0.3-0.8:0.2-0.4. These elements play an important role in improving fruit quality, especially calcium element in preventing cherry cracking, increasing fruit hardness, extending supply period, reducing physiological diseases during storage, increasing fruit and tree resistance, and reducing frost damage during flowering.

Cherry fertilization should be reasonably matched according to the age of the tree.

Young tree: N: P2O5: K2O=1:2:1 First fruit tree: N: P2O5: K2O=1:1:1

Shengguo Tree: N: P2O5: K2O=2:1:2 Update Period: N: P2O5: K2O=3:1:2

2、 Fertilization plans for different stages (taking high-yield fields as an example)

(1) Base fertilizer: Apply early in autumn, not later than November. Organic fertilizer combined with balanced or high nitrogen phosphorus compound fertilizer. For example: pure sulfur based 19-19-19, 17-17-17 balanced compound fertilizer 40-60 kg/mu+soybean 70 bio organic fertilizer 2000-3000 kg/mu.

(2) Pre flowering fertilizer: To promote flowering, fruit setting, and branch and leaf growth, 0.5-1 kg of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each plant during the initial flowering period. For example, pure sulfur based compound fertilizers with high nitrogen content such as 26-10-15 are 0.5-1 kg/plant.

(3) Expanding fertilizer: The period from flowering to the hard core stage of cherry fruit is the peak period for fertilizer and water requirements, as well as the critical period for cherry fruit setting and fruit enlargement. The level of water and fertilizer management during this period directly determines the quality and yield of the fruit. Fertilization is mainly based on high nitrogen and potassium fertilizers to meet the water and fertilizer requirements for cherry fruit setting and fruit enlargement. For example: Jinsu 14-5-26, pure sulfur based 20-10-21 Stanley compound fertilizer 1.5-2 kg/plant.

(4) Lunar fertilizer: Adding lunar fertilizer after fruit picking can enhance tree storage nutrition and promote flower bud differentiation. After fruit picking, the fruit tree transitions from the nutrient consumption stage of flowering and fruiting, branching and leaf expansion to the nutrient accumulation stage and begins to enter the qualitative transformation stage of flower bud differentiation. About 10 days after fruit picking, apply 1-1.5 kilograms of balanced compound fertilizer to each large tree during the full fruit period, preferably in a radial or circular groove. For example, pure sulfur based balanced compound fertilizers such as 17-17-17 and 19-19-19 are 1-1.5 kilograms per plant.

3、 Key management techniques

(1) Cherry trees have relatively strong adaptability and should be planted in neutral or sandy loam soil with leeward and sunny conditions, fertile soil, no repeated cropping, no waterlogging, and good drainage, which is more conducive to the growth and development of cherry trees.

(2) In general, the best time to plant cherry trees is from November to early March of the following year. Planting during this period is more conducive to the growth and development of cherry trees, which can effectively increase the yield of fruit and facilitate winter pruning and orchard cleaning.

(3) Pruning: Due to the fact that most cherry trees prefer light, appropriate pruning is more beneficial for the overall tree to receive light. During the dormant months after cherry tree leaves fall and before new leaf buds grow, prune every 3 to 4 years to reduce the broken tips and excess branches of the trunk, so that light and air can reach the interior of the tree. Good air circulation can effectively regulate cherry tree flowering and leaf shedding, and effectively inhibit brown rot.

(4) Disease and pest control: Cherry diseases can be broadly divided into infectious diseases (including fungal, bacterial, viral diseases, etc.) and physiological diseases (such as nutrient deficiency, gum loss, fruit cracking and freezing damage, etc.) based on the causes of the disease. Among them, the early stage of the disease is the most serious, which is the main reason for the difficulty of cherry planting.