Whole process fertilization plan for grapes

1、 Overview of Grapes

Grapes are one of the four major fruits in the world, widely planted around the world, and have a long history of cultivation. The total area of grape cultivation in China is about 820000 hectares (in 2015), ranking first in the world, and it is planted in various provinces throughout the country. Xinjiang and Hebei provinces have the largest planting areas. There are over 10000 registered grape varieties worldwide, which can be divided into six categories based on their uses: fresh food, wine making, drying, juice making, canning, rootstocks, etc. Domestic grape varieties are mainly fresh food grapes (over 70%), followed by wine making grapes. Grape varieties can be divided into five categories based on maturity: extremely early, early, medium, late, and extremely late. The common types of grape cultivation racks are hedgerows and trellises, and the tree shapes for cultivation are diverse, each with its own unique characteristics. Common types include multi main vine fan-shaped, H-shaped, and Guyot tree shapes.

2、 Classification of grape growth stages

Injury and bleeding period, sprouting and new shoot growth period, flowering and fruiting period, fruit development and maturity period, defoliation period

Dormancy period

3、 The Law of Fertilizer Requirement for Grapes

For every 1000kg of grapes produced, N: P2O5: K2O=(3-8): (1.5-3): (3.6-9) (kg) is required, and the absorption of calcium (8.4kg), magnesium (3.0kg), and sulfur (1.5kg) is also relatively large. Grapes have two peaks in nitrogen absorption: one is from the end of flowering to the color transition period, and the other is from fruit harvest to before dormancy; The peak absorption of nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium occurs during the flowering to color transition period. The period from flowering to fruit enlargement during color change is a critical period for fertilization, as there is a high demand for nutrients; The period from fruit picking to dormancy is the second critical period for nutrient absorption. The nutrients absorbed during this period are mainly stored in the tree body for use in the following spring for sprouting, new shoot growth, flower bud differentiation, and flowering. Therefore, the application of autumn base fertilizer should be fully valued. In addition, elements such as iron, boron, zinc, and molybdenum are also essential for the normal growth and development of grapes. Attention should be paid to supplementing deficiencies to effectively prevent the occurrence of nutrient deficiency syndrome.

4、 Grape fertilization plan

(1) Autumn application of base fertilizer (lunar fertilizer): applied after fruit picking.

Apply 50 kilograms of balanced fertilizer (pure sulfur based 17-17-17) per mu and 120 kilograms of soybean 70 microbial agents, accounting for 40% -50% of the annual fertilization amount. Sprinkle deep plowing or open deep ditches for application. When opening a ditch, the distance between the ditch and the tree trunk is 40-60cm, and the depth is 30-40cm.

Fertilization purpose: to improve soil, improve rhizosphere microecological environment, enhance soil fertility, prevent soil borne diseases, restore tree vigor, store nutrients, and lay a foundation for growth in the coming year.

(2) Sprout fertilizer: applied before and after sprouting in spring.

Apply 10 kilograms of high nitrogen compound fertilizer (such as 24-6-10) per mu, or use a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20) of 5 kilograms and 2 barrels (5L/barrel) of root fertilizer for drip irrigation, with a controlled fertilization rate of 10% -15% of the year. Stripping, spreading, plowing or flushing.

Fertilization purpose: To promote the growth of new shoots, promote flower bud differentiation, and facilitate flowering and fruiting.

(3) Expanding fertilizer: applied twice during the fruit enlargement period.

Apply 10-15 days after the first flowering, and the second time from the hard core stage to the second swelling stage. Apply 40 kilograms of high potassium fertilizer (such as specialized fertilizer 17-6-25) per mu and 40 kilograms of soybean 70 microbial agent. Apply in furrows, sprinkle, and plow. Alternatively, drip irrigation can use a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer (12-6-44) weighing 15 kilograms and 3 barrels (5L/barrel) of beneficial fruit, accounting for 35% -40% of the annual fertilization rate.

Fertilization purpose: To promote fruit setting, promote fruit enlargement, and improve fruit yield and quality.

(4) Topdressing outside the roots: Spraying water-soluble fertilizer before flowering, during fruit enlargement, color transformation, and after harvest. Before flowering and during the color transition period, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used as foliar fertilizer at a rate of 200g/mu for spraying. In other stages, balanced water-soluble fertilizers with large amounts of elements are mainly used (such as 21-21-21). Spray a special functional package before flowering to effectively prevent fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and gray mold.

Fertilization purpose: to promote flowering and fruiting, promote fruit enlargement, improve fruit quality, restore tree vigor, and ensure healthy growth of the tree.

5、 Common disease prevention and control

(1) Leaf diseases: Downy mildew, powdery mildew, etc.

Prevention and control measures:

Protective agents such as Bordeaux liquid, Daisen manganese zinc, (Baobei) Fumeishuang, etc. should be used every 15-20 days, and every 7-10 days during the rainy season; Therapeutic drugs such as enoylmorpholine, cypermethrin, and metformin should be used in combination with protective drugs in the early stages of the disease, and should be used 2-3 times continuously every 3-5 days if necessary.

(2) Fruit diseases: gray mold, anthracnose, white rot, etc.

Prevention and control measures:

Commonly used drugs include Thiamethasone, Betamethasone, Methiconazole, Flusilazole, Imidazole, etc. The key periods for prevention and control include pre flowering, post flowering, color transition, and post rain.

(3) Insect damage: Common pests include thrips, leafhoppers, green bugs, and spotted wax cicadas. Commonly used drugs include pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, etc.