Full process fertilization plan for chili peppers

1、 The law of fertilizer requirements for chili peppers

(1) Classification of the growth period of chili peppers

(2) The amount of fertilizer (N, P, K) applied throughout the entire growth period

Chili peppers are divided into two types: infinite growth type and limited growth type. Throughout the growth period, there is a high demand for fertilizers, with a ratio of 1:0.5:1 for N, P, and K throughout their life. Producing 1000kg of chili requires approximately 3.5-5.4kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.8-1.3kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 5.5-7.2kg of potassium oxide.

(3) Characteristics of fertilizer requirements (N, P, K) at different stages

The demand patterns for N, P, and K in chili peppers vary from germination to fruit harvesting. During the germination period (from seedling stage to budding stage), the plant's nutrient demand accounts for 5% of the total absorption; During the seedling stage (from budding to early flowering), plant growth accelerates and the demand for nutrients also increases, accounting for approximately 11%; The flowering and fruiting period (from early flowering to full flowering and fruiting) is the period of nutritional and reproductive growth in chili peppers, with fertilizer requirements accounting for 34% of the total amount. At this time, the absorption of nitrogen fertilizer is the highest; During the fruiting period (from flowering to maturity), nutrient absorption accounts for 50% of the total fertilizer requirement, indicating a high demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; After harvesting mature fruits, in order to promote the growth and development of branches and leaves in a timely manner, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied.

2、 Field planting and fertilization plan

(1) Basic fertilizer: The application of basic fertilizer is mainly to meet the nutritional needs of chili peppers throughout their entire growth cycle after transplantation, mainly using balanced compound fertilizer. Chili peppers are chlorine sensitive crops, and it is recommended to use Stanley pure sulfur based 17-17-17 or Jinsu 17-17 (sulfur based) combined with soybean 70 bio organic bacterial fertilizer as the base fertilizer; Before land preparation, apply 60% of the fertilizer, and after planting, apply 40% in the ditch to ensure that the chili peppers meet the fertilizer requirements for a long time.

(2) Seedling fertilizer: Meet the nutritional growth needs of chili peppers from sowing to transplanting, with less fertilization and mainly using high nitrogen and high phosphorus compound fertilizers.

(3) Top dressing: Various cultivation methods require top dressing during the seedling stage (after the bell pepper is preserved), early flowering and fruiting stage (after the bell pepper is harvested), and peak flowering and fruiting stage (after the bell pepper is harvested and after the four mother buckets are harvested). Topdressing is mainly based on water-soluble fertilizer, and fertilization is carried out together with irrigation. No empty water or empty fertilizer is applied.

① After slowing down the seedlings, apply 8-11kg of Liwang per mu to meet the nitrogen requirements for the growth of chili stems and leaves during the seedling stage.

② During the seedling stage, 10-15kg of medium nitrogen and high potassium water-soluble fertilizer should be applied per acre, such as the special fertilizer for Jinsu chili peppers 14-5-26. At the same time, medium amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer should be applied to avoid the deficiency of chili peppers.

③ In the early stage of flowering and fruiting, a balanced compound fertilizer of 10-15kg, such as Jinsu 17-17-17 (sulfur based), is applied to ensure the nutritional requirements of chili peppers during flowering and fruiting.

④ During the peak flowering and fruiting period, fertilizer should be applied once each after harvesting the peppers and the four mother buckets. Each time, 5-8kg of Jinsu chili special fertilizer (14-5-26) should be applied per acre, and then every 15-20 days. The frequency of application should be determined, and the amount should gradually decrease.

(4) Foliar fertilization: During the flowering and fruiting period, foliar spraying with water-soluble fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, combined with the application of special functional packages, can increase the number of fruits and improve fruit quality.

3、 Key management techniques

1. Choosing good varieties: The selection of chili varieties is mainly based on market, yield, disease and stress resistance, and the selection of high-yield and high-quality varieties suitable for local cultivation.

2. Inter cultivation and weeding: In the middle stage of chili pepper growth, watering, fertilization, rainfall, and other agricultural operations can easily cause soil compaction and soil moisture damage. Before sealing the ridge, the film should be broken in a timely manner for inter cultivation to promote deep root growth and prevent premature aging; The depth and range of intercropping shall be based on not damaging the root system.

3. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: The main diseases of chili peppers include phytophthora, bacterial wilt, viral diseases, etc. Epidemic diseases can be treated with disinfectant alum, Ruidu mold manganese zinc, Jia Ruinong, Yi Moujing, etc; In the early stage of the onset of bacterial wilt disease, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate and Bacillus subtilis can be used for root irrigation; Viral diseases can be sprayed with 20% Virulin. The main pests include aphids, small ground tigers, tobacco aphids, tea yellow mites, etc., which can be controlled with 2.5% deltamethrin, 10% one-time purification, 1% insecticidal, 73% cripronil, etc.

4. Key points for field management: The four growth characteristics of chili peppers - liking light but afraid of strong light; Likes dampness and fears flooding; Liking fertilizer and afraid of burning it, reasonable control of light, water, and fertilizer conditions in the field is particularly crucial for the growth of chili peppers.