Full process fertilization plan for wheat

Winter wheat is the main crop in China, usually bordered by the Great Wall, with spring wheat to the north and winter wheat to the south. The sowing area is about 360 million mu, with an average yield level of 360 kilograms per mu. With the continuous increase in wheat yield, scientific fertilization plays a crucial role in the production and maturation of wheat.

1、 The Law of Wheat Fertilizer Requirement

(1) Classification of wheat growth stages

(2) The demand for fertilizer (NPK) throughout the entire growth period

Wheat requires a large amount of nitrogen in the early stage, more potassium in the middle stage, and more phosphorus in the later stage of its life. However, phosphorus fertilizer should not be applied late. The phosphorus absorbed in the early stage can be transferred to the grains, while in the later stage it is only at the roots. Boron fertilizer is a trace element that can promote the development of small flowers, increase seed setting rate, and thousand grain weight during the booting and flowering stage of wheat.

The fertilizer required for producing 1000 kilograms of wheat is N: P: K=3:1:3, which means 30 kilograms of nitrogen, 10-15 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 20-40 kilograms of potassium oxide.

(3) The peak absorption and utilization of fertilizers (NPK) at various growth stages

1) There are two peaks in nitrogen absorption: 40% from emergence to jointing, and 10-12% from tillering to overwintering; From jointing to flowering: 30-40%.

2) There are two peaks in phosphorus absorption: tillering stage: 30%, so phosphorus is crucial for wheat tillering, so high phosphorus is required during wheat seedling stage; From booting to maturity: 40% is the highest, as the absorption rate increases sharply after the peak period from jointing to poplar flowers.

3) There are two peaks in potassium absorption: tillering stage: 30%; From jointing to booting and flowering (maximum): 60%, absorbed to the maximum amount at flowering.

2、 Fertilization plans for different stages (taking high-yield fields as an example)

(1) Seedling stage (mainly for nutrient reproduction and the formation of nutrient organs): Adequate base fertilizer: Ensure the nutrient requirements for wheat seedling growth, promote early rooting and tillering, facilitate the cultivation of strong seedlings, and lay a foundation for post spring growth. For example, balanced or high nitrogen compound fertilizers such as San'an 18-18-18, 22-16-16, etc., weighing 40-60 kg/acre.

(2) Ear stage (vegetative growth+reproductive growth, mostly NK): The period from jointing to flowering is the period when wheat absorbs the most nutrients throughout its life, requiring more nitrogen and potassium nutrients to promote strong stems and lodging resistance, consolidate the number of ears, improve the rate of ear formation, and create good conditions for wheat grain filling. For example: Miaoliwang 28-0-0 high nitrogen fertilizer, 20-25 kg/mu, foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

(3) Flower and grain stage (multi NP): After flowering, good nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition should be maintained to prevent premature senescence due to fertilization, promote the transformation and transportation of photosynthetic products, promote grain filling and fullness, and increase grain weight. For example, a large amount of water-soluble fertilizers, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and special functional packages can be combined with foliar spraying for one spray and three prevention.

3. Key management techniques

(1) Sowing techniques: 1) Select suitable and excellent wheat varieties; 2) Seriously carry out seed processing; 3) Planting at an appropriate time and in moderation; 4) Sowing with sufficient soil moisture, with a field water holding capacity of 70-80%; 5) Suitable sowing depth of 3-5 cm.

(2) Weeding techniques: 1) Autumn treatment of wheat straw; 2) Pay attention to cooling or rainfall; 3) Pay attention to herbicide resistance; 4) Non repeatable spray; 5) Do not arbitrarily increase the dosage, etc.

(3) One spray and three prevention: spray insecticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, foliar fertilizers, etc. to prevent diseases and pests, dry and hot winds, lodging, etc. 1) During the wheat heading period, prevent aphids and aphids; Powdery mildew and rust. 2) During the heading and flowering period, prevent wheat scab and aphids.